UDC

612.886

Authors

Nikolaev Roman Yuryevich
Soloviev Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University (Rybinsk, Russia)
Melnikov Andrey Aleksandrovich
Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky (Yaroslavl, Russia)

Abstract

We measured stability of the vertical posture before and after the maximal bicycle exercise (Wingate test, Monark 828E) using stabilography (Stabilan 1-02, OKB “Ritm”) on an unstable surface (paperweight) at even breathing and inspiratory breath-holding. We found that exercise increased the amplitude (p < 0.05 during 30 seconds) and velocity (p < 0.01 during 2 min 10 sec) of vertical posture oscillations at even breathing. Furthermore, after the load we saw a rise in absolute oscillation power within all frequency ranges of the spectrum. Breath-holding, however, impeded absolute power increase within the low frequency range (p < 0.01). Breath-holding after a physical load helped preserve the initial level of oscillation amplitude as well as hamper linear velocity (p < 0.05) and the power of low-frequency oscillations of the body (p < 0.01). In addition, the recovery period for the oscillation rate at breath-holding was 1 min less. The obtained results clearly show that pulmonary hyperventilation following an intense exercise significantly reduces vertical stability, while breath-holding, in contrast, allows one to maintain amplitude of oscillations on the initial level and considerably hamper the rise in oscillation velocity. Thus, short-term postural stability at bodily fatigue in athletes can be achieved by inspiratory breath-holding.

Keywords

stabilography, postural balance, exercise, apnea, fatigue

References

1. Era P., Konttinen N., Mehto P., et al. Postural Stability and Skilled Performance – a Study on Top Level and Naive Rifle Shooters. J. Biomech., 1996, vol. 29, pp. 301–306. 
2. Gautier G., Thouvarecq R., Vuillerme N. Postural Control and Perceptive Configuration: Influence of Expertise in Gymnastics. Gait & Posture, 2008, vol. 28, pp. 46–51. 
3. Perrot C., Deviterne D., Perrin P. Influence of Training on Postural and Motor Control in a Combative Sport. J. Hum. Mov. Stud., 1998, vol. 35, pp. 119–135. 
4. Paillard T., Noé F., Rivière T., Marion V., et al. Postural Performance and Strategy in the Unipedal Stance of Soccer Players at Different Levels of Competition. J. Athl. Train., 2006, vol. 41 (2), pp. 172–176. 
5. Gurfinkel’ V.S., Kots Ya.M., Shik M.L. Regulyatsiya pozy cheloveka [Regulation of Human Posture]. Moscow, 1965. 256 p. 
6. Massion J. Postural Control System. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 1994, vol. 4 (6), pp. 877–887. 
7. Mel’nikov A.A. Savin A.A., Emel’yanova L.V., Vikulov A.D. Ustoychivost’ pozy vo vremya staticheskogo napryazheniya do i posle submaksimal’nogo aerobnogo veloergometricheskogo testa u sportsmenov [Postural Stability During Static Strain Before and After a Submaximal Aerobic Bicycle Test in Athletes]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 2012, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 66–72. 
8. Paillard T. Effects of General and Local Fatigue on Postural Control: A Review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2012, vol. 36 (1), pp. 162–176. 
9. Zemková E., Hamar D. Physiological Mechanisms of Post-Exercise Balance Impairment. Sports Med., 2014, vol. 44, pp. 437–448. 
10. Belotserkovskiy Z.B. Ergometricheskie i kardiologicheskie kriterii fizicheskoy rabotosposobnosti [Ergometric and Cardiac Criteria of Physical Capacity for Work]. Moscow, 2006. 312 p. 
11. Caron O.A., Gelat T., Rougier P., Blanchi J.P. Comparative Analysis of the Center of Gravity and Center of Pressure Trajectory Path Lengths in Standing Posture: An Estimation of Active Stiffness. J. Appl. Biomech., 2000, vol. 16 (3), pp. 234–247. 
12. Sakellari V., Bronstein A.M. Hyperventilation Effect on Postural Sway. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 1997, vol. 78 (7), pp. 730–736. 
13. Rickards C.A., Ryan K.L., Cooke W.H., Lurie K.G., et al. Inspiratory Resistance Delays the Reporting of Symptoms with Central Hypovolemia: Association with Cerebral Blood Flow. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2007, vol. 293 (1), pp. 243–250. 
14. Woollacott M., Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the Control of Posture and Gait: A Review of an Emerging Area of Research. Gait Posture, 2002, vol. 16 (1), pp. 1–14. 
15. Hudson A.L., Butler J.E., Gandevia S.C., De Troyer A. Interplay Between the Inspiratory and Postural Functions of the Human Parasternal Intercostal Muscles. J. Neurophysiol., 2010, vol. 103(3), pp. 1622–1629. 
16. Shirley D., Hodges P.W., Eriksson A.E., Gandevia S.C. Spinal Stiffness Changes Throughout the Respiratory Cycle. J. Appl. Physiol., 2003, vol. 95 (4), pp. 1467–1475. 
17. Mello R.G., de Oliveira L.F., Nadal J. Effects of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test and Prolonged Cycle Ergometer Exercise on the Quiet Standing Control. Gait Posture, 2010, vol. 32 (2), pp. 220–225.