UDC

612.821

Authors

Morozova Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Institute of Natural Sciences and Technologies, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
4 prosp. Lomonosova, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian federation;
e-mail: l.morozova@narfu.ru

Abstract

This paper presents the results of psychophysiological and electroencephalographic studies on visual perception (VP) support in children aged 7–8 years (mean age 7.52 ± 0.37 years). The experimental part of the research was carried out in two stages. At the first stage we estimated the level of VP development using a modified method of M.M. Bezrukikh and L.V. Morozova (1996); at the second stage we recorded electroencephalograms (EEG) to study the functional organization of the brain during visuospatial activities. The EEGs were recorded using the Neuroscope-416 encephalograph, with the spectral correlation analysis of the EEG data performed using Neuroscope 5.1 software. We evaluated relative (normalized to total energy) values of power spectrum (RPS) in the following frequency bands: theta (4–7 Hz), alpha-1 (7.5–9.5 Hz), alpha-2 (9.5–10.7 Hz), alpha-3 (10.7–12.7 Hz), and beta (13–20 Hz). In addition we assessed the estimation maximum of coherence function of the alpha band rhythmic components, as well as asymmetry of alpha band activity. The study found that subjects with an average rate of VP formation had more economical and more efficient mechanisms of visual activity, whereas low rates of VP formation lead to generalization of these mechanisms. Children with low rate of VP formation showed significant emotional activation and raised levels of mental strain during visuospatial activity. Greater activation of the right hemisphere (especially the anteriofrontal and parietal-temporal-occipital areas) ready for visual activity, as well as greater activation of the left hemisphere during transition to visual activity largely contribute to a more successful formation of visual perception.

Keywords

visual perception, electroencephalogram, functional asymmetry of the cerebral cortex

References

1. Beteleva T.G. Neyrofiziologicheskie mekhanizmy zritel’nogo vospriyatiya (ontogeneticheskie issledovaniya) [Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Visual Perception (Ontogenetic Studies)]. Moscow, 1983. 175 p.
   
2. Farber D.A. Razvitie zritel’nogo vospriyatiya v ontogeneze [Development of Visual Perception in Ontogenesis]. Mir psikhologii, 2003, no. 2(34), pp. 114–124.
   
3. Farber D.A., Semenova L.K., Alferova V.V. Strukturno-funktsional’naya organizatsiya razvivayushchegosya mozga [Structural and Functional Organization of the Developing Brain]. Leningrad, 1990. 198 p.
   
4. Farber D.A., Beteleva T.G. Formirovanie sistemy zritel’nogo vospriyatiya v ontogeneze [Formation of the System of Visual Perception in Ontogenesis]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 2005, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 26–36.
   
5. Dubrovinskaya N.V., Farber D.A., Bezrukikh M.M. Psikhofiziologiya rebenka: Psikhofiziologicheskie osnovy detskoy valeologii [Child Psychophysiology: Psychophysiological Foundations of Child Valeology]. Moscow, 2000. 144 p.
   
6. Rysina N.N., Dzhos Yu.S., Emel’yanova T.V., Suranova I.V. Osobennosti intellekta u detey-severyan 8–11 let s trudnostyami obucheniya [Features of Intelligence in 8- to 11-Year-Old Children with Learning Difficulties Living in the North]. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Mediko-biologicheskie nauki, 2013, no. 4, pp. 51–60.
   
7. Pfefferbaum A., Mathalon D.H., Sullivan E.V., Rawles J.M., Zipursky R.B., Lim K.O. A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Changes in Brain Morphology from Infancy to Late Adulthood. Arch. Neurol., 1994, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 874–887.
   
8. Huttenlocher P.R., Dabholkar A.S. Regional Differences in Synaptogenesis in Human Cerebral Cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 1997, vol. 387, no. 2, pp. 167–178.
   
9. Courchesne E., Chisum H.J., Townsend J., Cowles A., Covington J., Egaas B., Harwood M., Hinds S., Press G.A. Normal Brain Development and Aging: Quantitative Analysis at in vivo MR Imaging in Healthy Volunteers. Radiology, 2000, vol. 216, no. 3, pp. 672–682.
   
10. Terebova N.N., Bezrukikh M.M. Vozrastnye osobennosti funktsional’noy organizatsii kory golovnogo mozga u detey 5, 6 i 7 let s raznym urovnem sformirovannosti zritel’nogo vospriyatiya [Age-Specific Functional Organization of Cerebral Cortex in 5–6 and 7-Year-Old Children with Different Levels of Visual Perception Development]. Novye issledovaniya, 2013, no. 4, pp. 67–88.
    
11. Bezrukikh M.M., Morozova L.V. Metodika otsenki urovnya razvitiya zritel’nogo vospriyatiya detey 5,0–7,5 let: ruk. po testirovaniyu i obrab. rezul’tatov [Methods of Assessing the Level of Visual Perception Development in Children Aged 5.0–7.5 Years: A Guide to Testing and Data Processing]. Moscow, 1996. 48 p.
    
12. Knyazeva M.G. Mezhpolusharnaya asimmetriya al’fa-ritma EEG v protsesse kognitivnoy deyatel’nosti raznoy uspeshnosti [Interhemispheric Asymmetry of EEG Alpha Rhythm During Cognitive Activity of Varying Success]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 1991, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 50–60.
    
13. Kudryakova T.A. Dinamika elektroentsefalograficheskikh pokazateley detey 6-letnego vozrasta pod vliyaniem shkol’nogo obucheniya [The Dynamics of Electroencephalographic Indices in 6-Year-Old Children Under the Influence of School Education]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 1991, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 172–175.
    
14. Lopes da Silva F.N. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Brain Waves: from Neural Membranes to Networks. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1991, vol. 79, pp. 81–93.
    
15. Kiroy V.N., Ermakov P.N. Elektroentsefalogramma i funktsional’nye sostoyaniya cheloveka [Electroencephalogram and Functional State of the Person]. Rostov-on-Don, 1998. 264 p.
    
16. Beteleva T.G., Farber D.A. Rol’ lobnykh oblastey kory v proizvol’nom i neproizvol’nom analize zritel’nykh stimulov [The Role of the Frontal Regions of the Cortex in Voluntary and Involuntary Analysis of Visual Stimuli]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 2002, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5–14.
    
17. Khomskaya E.D. Mozg i aktivatsiya [Brain and Activation]. Moscow, 1972. 384 p.
    
18. Machinskaya R.I. Formirovanie neyrofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmov proizvol’nogo izbiratel’nogo vnimaniya u detey mladshego shkol’nogo vozrasta: dis. … d-ra biol. nauk [Formation of Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Selective Voluntary Attention in Children of Primary School Age: Dr. Biol. Sci. Diss.]. Moscow, 2001. 278 p.
    
19. Dubrovinskaya N.V. Neyrofiziologicheskie mekhanizmy vnimaniya: ontogeneticheskoe issledovanie [Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Attention: An Ontogenetic Study]. Leningrad, 1985. 144 p.
    
20. Alferova V.V., Kudryakova T.A. Prostranstvennaya organizatsiya bioelektricheskoy aktivnosti mozga detey s trudnostyami obucheniya [Spatial Organization of Brain Bioelectrical Activity in Children with Learning Difficulties]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 1994, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 151–153.
    
21. Thatcher R. Cyclic Cortical Reorganization, Phase Reset and the Development of Cognition. Novye issledovaniya, 2009, no. 2, pp. 10–11.
    
22. Glezer V.D. O roli prostranstvenno-chastotnogo analiza, primitivov i mezhpolusharnoy asimmetrii v opoznanii zritel’nykh obrazov [On the Role of Spatial Frequency Analysis, Primitives and Hemispheric Asymmetry in Identification of Visual Images]. Fiziologiya cheloveka, 2000, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 145–150.
    
23. Grigor’eva L.P. Deti so slozhnymi narusheniyami razvitiya. Psikhofiziologicheskie issledovaniya [Children with Complex Disabilities. Psychophysiological Research]. Moscow, 2006. 352 p.
    
24. Sviderskaya N.E. Osoznavaemaya i neosoznavaemaya informatsiya v kognitivnoy deyatel’nosti cheloveka [Perceivable and Unperceivable Information in Cognitive Human Activity]. Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel’nosti im. I.P. Pavlova, 1993, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 271–277.
    
25. Nikolaev A.R. Issledovanie etapov myslennoy rotatsii slozhnykh figur metodom kartirovaniya vnutrikorkovogo vzaimodeystviya [Research into the Stages of Mental Rotation of Complex Shapes by Intracortical Interaction Mapping]. Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel’nosti im. I.P. Pavlova, 1994, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 441–447.
    
26. Basar E., Basar-Eroglu S., Karakas S., Schürmann M. Oscillatory Brain Theory: A New Trend in Neuroscience. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 1999, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 56–66.
    
27. Farber D.A., Kirpichev V.I. Elektroentsefalograficheskie korrelyaty individual’nykh osobennostey umstvennoy rabotosposobnosti podrostkov [Electroencephalographic Correlates of Individual Characteristics of Task Performance in Adolescents]. Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel’nosti im. I.P. Pavlova, 1985, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 649–657.