UDC

[612.39+612.015.32](470.1/.2)

Authors

Artem A. Bichkaev*/**, Fatima A. Bichkaeva*, Natal’ya I. Volkova*/**, Tat’yana V. Tret’yakova*, Ol’ga S. Vlasova*, Ekaterina V. Nesterova*, Boris A. Shengof */**, Nina F. Baranova*
*Federal Research Centre for Integrated Studies of the Arctic, Russian Academy of Sciences (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)
**Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)

Abstract

The study involved 370 adults from the Subarctic (SR) and Arctic (AR) regions of the European North of Russia aged between 22 and 35 years. The parameters of serum carbohydrate metabolism, level of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and body mass index (BMI) were determined. Using the correlation and variance analysis we identified the dependence of the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism on the concentration of short- (SC), medium- (MC) and long-chain (LC) SAFA in the blood of SR and AR inhabitants. It was proven that in SR residents the prime factor of increasing glucose level is BMI in combination with decanoic and undecylic (C_11:0) SC SAFA, tridecanoic (C_13:0), myristic and pentadecanoic MC, palmitic (C_16:0), heptadecanoic, arachidic and heneicosanoic (C_21:0) LC SAFA (10– 15 %), as well as a set of factors BMI×sex×C_16:0 and sex×C_13:0 (5.0–8.6 %). In AR residents the largest effect on the decrease in glucose level was produced by caprylic, pelargonic and undecylic SC SAFA (15– 21 %), then tridecanoic MC SAFA (11.0 %), and palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic (C_18:0), heneicosanoic, behenic (C_22:0) and lignoceric LC SAFA (6.0–11.0 %); the smallest effect was produced by the complex sex×C_18:0 (8.0 %). A slight decline in the activity of anaerobic processes in SR residents was caused separately by caproic and heneicosanoic SAFA (9.3–15 %), while in AR residents by caproic, caprylic, pelargonic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, heptadecanoic and lignoceric SAFA (10.4–18.1 %) and complexes BMI×sex×C_22:0 (20.0 %), BMI×sex×C_21:0, BMI×sex×C_12:0, and sex×C_11:0 (11–13 %).

Keywords

saturated fatty acids; short-, medium- and long-chain fatty acids; metabolites of carbohydrate metabolism; body mass index; adult residents of the Subarctic region, adult residents of the Arctic region

References

1. Titov V.N., Lisitsyn D.M. Zhirnye kisloty. Fizicheskaya khimiya, biologiya i meditsina [Fatty Acids. Physical Chemistry, Biology and Medicine]. Moscow, 2006. 670 p.
   
2. Bakhtina Z.E., Strelkova A.V., Bichkaeva F.A., Zykova T.A. Osobennosti metabolizma glyukozy v usloviyakh pishchevogo stressa u molodykh zhenshchin s funktsional’noy giperandrogeniey g. Arkhangel’ska [Features of Glucose Metabolism in Conditions of Alimentary Stress in Young Women with Functional Hyperandrogeny in Arkhangelsk]. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2006, no. 4, pp. 16–19.
   
3. Titov V.N. Fundamental’naya meditsina: funktsional’naya rol’ insulina kak faktora obespecheniya energiey biologicheskoy funktsii lokomotsii [Fundamental Medicine: Functional Role of Insulin as a Factor of Supply with Energy of Biological Locomotion Function]. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika, 2004, no. 9, pp. 75a–75.
   
4. Bichkaeva F.A., Zhilina L.P., Vlasova O.S., Tret’yakova T.V. Rezervnye vozmozhnosti endokrinnometabolicheskikh pokazateley u zhiteley Evropeyskogo Severa v usloviyakh glyukozotolerantnogo testa v zavisimosti ot fotoperioda [Reserve Capacities of Endocrine-Metabolic Parameters in the Inhabitants of the European North During the Glucose-Tolerance Test Depending on the Photoperiod]. Rossiyskiy fiziologiheskiy zhurnal im. I.M. Sechenova, 2009, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 417–429.
   
5. Bichkaeva F.A. Endokrinnaya regulyatsiya metabolicheskikh protsessov u cheloveka na Severe [Endocrine Regulation of Metabolic Processes in Humans in the North]. Yekaterinburg, 2008. 303 p.
   
6. Tkachev A.V., Boyko E.R., Gubkina Z.D., Ramenskaya E.B., Sukhanov S.G. Endokrinnaya sistema i obmen veshchestv u cheloveka na Severe [The Endocrine System and Metabolism in Humans Living in the North]. Syktyvkar, 1992. 156 p.
   
7. Mataev S.I., Vasil’kova T.N. Metabolicheskiy sindrom na Kraynem Severe [Metabolic Syndrome in the Far North]. Tyumen, 2011. 131 p.
   
8. Chanchaeva E.A. K voprosu ob adekvatnosti pitaniya aborigennogo naseleniya Sibiri. Obzor literatury [To the Issue of the Adequacy of Nutrition of Siberian Aboriginal Population. Literature Review]. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2010, no. 3, pp. 31–34.
   
9. Folch J., Lees M., Sloane Stanley G.H. A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 1957, vol. 226, no. 1, pp. 497–509.
   
10. Nasledov A.D. SPSS 15: professional’nyy statisticheskiy analiz dannykh [SPSS 15: Professional Statistical Analysis of Data]. St. Petersburg, 2008. 416 p.
    
11. Bichkaeva F.A., Tipisova E.V., Bichkaev A.A. Osobennosti zhirno-kislotnogo sostava i gormonov podzheludochnoy zhelezy u aborigennogo i mestnogo russkogo naseleniya Zapolyar’ya [Aspects of Fatty Acid Profile and Pancreatic Hormones in Aboriginal and Local Russian Population from Polar Region]. Vestnik Ural’skoy meditsinskoy akademicheskoy nauki, 2014, no. 2, pp. 116–119.
    
12. Titov V.N. Srednetsepochechnye zhirnye kisloty: soderzhanie v pishche, fiziologiya, osobennosti metabolizma i primenenie v klinike [Middle-Chain Fatty Acids: Their Dietary Content, Physiology, Specific Metabolism and Clinical Application]. Voprosy pitaniya, 2012, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 27–36.
    
13. Ginzburg M.M., Kozupitsa G.S., Kryukov N.N. Ozhirenie i metabolicheskiy sindrom. Vliyanie na sostoyanie zdorov’ya, profilaktika i lechenie [Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Their Effect on Health, Prevention and Treatment]. Samara, 1999. Available at: http://www.tinlib.ru/zdorove/ozhirenie_i_metabolicheskii_sindrom_vlijanie_na_sostojanie_ zdorovja_profilaktika_i_lechenie/p1.php (accessed 6 April 2017).
    
14. Dobrodeeva L.K., Bichkaeva F.A., Tipisova E.V., Poskotinova L.V., Gubkina Z.D. Ekologicheskaya zavisimost’ fiziologicheskikh funktsiy cheloveka [Dependence of Human Physiological Functions on the Environment]. Arkhangelsk, 2006. 299 p.
    
15. Hoeks J., Mensink M., Hesselink M.K., Ekroos K., Schrauwen P. Long- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Induce Insulin Resistance to a Similar Extent in Humans Despite Marked Differences in Muscle Fat Accumulation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2012, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 208–216.