UDC

612.017.2:612.821.33

DOI

10.17238/issn2542-1298.2019.7.3.261

Authors

Denis B. Demin*, Liliya V. Poskotinova*, Elena V. Krivonogova*, Ol’ga V. Krivonogova*, Marina A. Ovsyankina**
*N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)
**Arkhangelsk Teacher Training College (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)
Corresponding author: Denis Demin, address: prosp. Lomonosova 249, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation; e-mail: denisdemin@mail.ru

Abstract

This article studies the changes in the parameters of central haemodynamics, heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) in 30 healthy male volunteers aged 18–20 years during heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV BF) sessions aimed to increase the parasympathetic regulation of the heart, as well as during whole-body cold air exposure. The subjects were divided into two groups: those undergoing HRV BF (n = 15) and the control (n = 15). EEG was recorded during each stage of the study using the “Neuron-Spectrum-SM” portable electroencephalograph (Russia). Simultaneously, HRV, blood pressure, heart rate and temperature in the right auditory canal were recorded. The experiment included five stages: I – state at rest at the temperature of +20 ºС; II – HRV BF session (patent no. 2317771) for the HRV BF group (the control stays at rest); III – cold chamber at –20 ºС for 10 minutes; stages IV and V after cold exposure – similar to stages I and II, respectively. It was shown that during cold exposure, the human body temperature significantly decreased by an average of 2.2–2.7 °C. Central haemodynamic parameters changed identically in both groups: blood pressure decreased significantly at stages II and V and grew during cold exposure; heart rate declined significantly at stage III, then increased gradually during warming. At cooling, all the subjects showed a decrease in stress index against the background of an increase in total HRV power. The preliminary HRV BF session helped to maintain vagal effects on the heart rhythm after whole-body cold air exposure. The changes in amplitude-frequency EEG characteristics during wholebody cold air exposure were manifested in the increased activity of the subcortical regulatory mechanisms (a significant increase in theta-activity). In subjects undergoing HRV BF, the EEG alpha-activity increased, while in the control group in 60 % of cases it decreased, which indicates desynchronization of the main EEG-rhythm.

Keywords

electroencephalography, heart rate variability, biofeedback, whole-body cold air exposure, hypothermia

References

1. Novikov V.S., Soroko S.I. Fiziologicheskie osnovy zhiznedeyatel’nosti cheloveka v ekstremal’nykh usloviyakh [Physiological Bases of Human Activity in Extreme Conditions]. St. Petersburg, 2017. 476 p.
2. Poskotinova L.V., Semenov Yu.N. Sposob korrektsii vegetativnykh disbalansov s pomoshch’yu kompleksa dlya obrabotki kardiointervalogramm i analiza variabel’nosti serdechnogo ritma “Varikard 2.51”, rabotayushchego pod upravleniem komp’yuternoy programmy ISCIM 6.1 (BUILD 2.8), s ispol’zovaniem biologicheskoy obratnoy svyazi [The Method of Autonomic Imbalances Correction Using the Complex for Cardiointervalogram Processing and HRV Analysis “Varikard 2.51” Controlled by ISCIM 6.1 (BUILD 2.8) Computer Program, with Biofeedback]. Patent RF no. 2317771, 2006.
3. Baevskiy R.M., Ivanov G.G., Chireykin L.V., Gavrilushkin A.P., Dovgalevskiy P.Ya., Kukushkin Yu.A., Mironova T.F., Prilutskiy D.A., Semenov A.V., Fedorov V.F., Fleyshman A.N., Medvedev M.M. Analiz variabel’nosti serdechnogo ritma pri ispol’zovanii razlichnykh elektrokardiograficheskikh sistem (chast’ 1) [Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Using Different Electrocardiographic Systems (Part 1)]. Vestnik aritmologii, 2002, no. 24, pp. 65–86.
4. Louie J.P. Hypothermia and Cold-Related Injuries. Zaoutis L.B., Chiang V.W. (eds.). Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine. Philadelphia, 2007, pp. 1153–1157.
5. Kubasov R.V., Barachevskiy Yu.E., Ivanov A.M., Kubasova E.D. Simpatoadrenalovaya i gipofizarnonadpochechnikovaya aktivnost’ u sotrudnikov MVD Rossii pri razlichnykh urovnyakh professional’noy napryazhennosti [Sympathoadrenal and Hypophysial-Adrenal Activity in Law Enforcement Staff Depending on Professional Load]. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2015, no. 6, pp. 9–14.
6. Tipisova E.V., Elfimova A.E., Gorenko I.N., Popkova V.A. Endokrinnyy profil’ muzhskogo naseleniya Rossii v zavisimosti ot geograficheskoy shiroty prozhivaniya [Endocrine Profile of the Male Population in Russia Depending on the Geographic Latitude of Occupation]. Ekologiya cheloveka, 2016, no. 2, pp. 36–41.
7. Granberg P.O. Human Physiology Under Cold Exposure. Arctic Med. Res., 1991, vol. 50, suppl. 6, pp. 23–27.
8. Hensel H. Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation. London, 1981. 321 p.
9. Maystrakh E.V. Patologicheskaya fiziologiya okhlazhdeniya cheloveka [Pathological Physiology of Human Cold Stress]. Leningrad, 1975. 216 p.
10. Bocharov M.I. Termoregulyatsiya organizma pri kholodovykh vozdeystviyakh (obzor). Soobshchenie I [Thermoregulation in Cold Environments (Review). Report I]. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Mediko-biologicheskie nauki, 2015, no. 1, pp. 5–15.
11. Louis J., Schaal K., Bieuzen F., Le Meur Y., Filliard J.-R., Volondat M., Brisswalter J., Hausswirth C. Head Exposure to Cold During Whole-Body Cryostimulation: Influence on Thermal Response and Autonomic Modulation. PLoS One, 2015, vol. 10, no. 4. Art. no. e0124776.
12. Medalieva R.Kh. Osobennosti sostoyaniya variabel’nosti serdechnogo ritma pri razlichnykh rezhimakh ekstremal’nykh kriogennykh vozdeystviy [Features of the Condition of Variability of the Warm Rhythm at Various Modes of Extreme Cryogenic Influences]. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya, 2012, no. 9, pp. 816–819.