UDC

612.821

DOI

10.17238/issn2542-1298.2019.7.3.338

Authors

Yuliya S. Dzhos*, Irina A. Men’shikova**
*Okkervil Paediatric Centre (Leningrad Region, Russian Federation)
**Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)
Corresponding author: Irina Men’shikova, address: proezd Badigina 3, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation; e-mail: irinamen2014@yandex.ru

Abstract

The article deals with the application of neurofeedback in various diseases and disorders of the brain’s functional state among children and adults. Presentation of the brain’s bioelectric potentials allows a person to learn how to control his/her physiological functions otherwise managed unconsciously. It has been revealed that neurofeedback sessions influence the fundamental rhythmic mechanisms by changing the neuro-modulatory effects of the brain stem and the plasticity of neural networks as well as due to the formation of new neural ensembles. Changing the level and degree of EEG activity, neurofeedback training normalizes the activation mechanisms, thus improving cortical stability. Through teaching to control the central regulation mechanisms, neurofeedback sessions contribute to the stabilization of the nervous system as a whole. It plays a significant role in enhancing the functional capacity of the brain both among children and in adults. The most effective this method proved to be in epilepsy, various types of addictive disorders, sleep disorders among adults, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children. Moreover, it was successfully introduced into the training process of athletes. However, despite numerous studies, the questions of effective use of neurofeedback remain unanswered. In particular, there is a lack of consensus about the number, duration and frequency of neurofeedback sessions. Furthermore, it is of great importance to study the motivation and consider the subjects’ ability to understand the tasks during the sessions. Research into the dynamics of the spectral characteristics of the main rhythms during neurofeedback training and evaluation of the self-regulation strategies after the biofeedback course make it possible to work out guidelines for developing effective self-regulation skills for mental functions.

Keywords

neurofeedback, electroencephalogram, voluntary regulation

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