UDC

[616-092.11+612.1]:612.062

DOI

10.37482/2542-1298-Z009

Authors

Anna Yu. Afineevskaya* ORCID: 0000-0002-5385-4726
Oleg А. Mal’kov* ORCID: 0000-0002-0895-2079
Alena A. Govorukhina* ORCID: 0000-0002-7466-2918
*Surgut State Pedagogical University (Surgut, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russian Federation)
Corresponding author: Anna Afineevskaya, address: ul. 50 let VLKSM 10/2, Surgut, 628417, Khanty-Mansiyskiy avtonomnyy okrug – Yugra, Russian Federation; e-mail: afineevskayaanna@gmail.com

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are considered to be the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide; 80 % of them are due to atherosclerosis-associated pathology. Among the various interpretations of the onset of atherosclerosis, the new theory of microbial effects on atherosclerotic lesions of blood vessels through inflammatory reaction and metabolic disturbance is attracting increasing attention in the research world. The aim of this review is to analyse current perspectives on the effect of the microbiota of individual human organs on the arterial bed. Russian and foreign sources for the last 5 years were studied. Most researchers recognize the microbiocenosis of an individual organ or system as a kind of a metabolic “laboratory”, an element of the endocrine system. Psychological stress due to changing lifestyle or diet directly affects the taxonomic composition of intestinal microbiota, represented by four main enterotypes: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, whose imbalance in ratio leads to the development of various diseases. The effects of endotoxins, changes in ethanol metabolism by intestinal bacteria and the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide by microorganisms are just a few of the mechanisms of the inflammatory response of the human body and are a link between dyslipidaemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. No wonder that the diagnostic tasks of identification and issues of bacterial cultivation potentiate the interest of scientists all over the world. It is known that only 10 % of all intestinal microorganisms today belong to the category of cultivated bacteria, while 90 % are uncultivated. We believe the search for and implementation of screening diagnostic methods in everyday clinical practice will contribute to the early detection of dysbiosis in patients with atherosclerotic lesions, while promising solutions in therapy will create optimal conditions for the growth of normal microbiota.
For citation: Afineevskaya A.Yu., Mal’kov O.A., Govorukhina A.A. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Promising Preventive Measures (Review). Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 184–193. DOI: 10.37482/2542-1298-Z009

Keywords

atherosclerosis, intestinal microbiota, dyslipidaemia, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, dysbiosis, inflammatory response

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