UDC

612.1

DOI

10.37482/2687-1491-Z197

Authors

Anton Yu. Prikhodko*/**/*** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8301-4533
Mikhail S. Golovin* ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-856X
Vladimir M. Klimov** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-064X
Sergey G. Krivoshchekov*/*** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-829X
Roman I. Aizman*/**** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-4768
*Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (Novosibirsk, Russia)
**Novosibirsk State Technical University (Novosibirsk, Russia)
***Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (Novosibirsk, Russia)
****Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene (Novosibirsk, Russia)

Corresponding author: Anton Prikhodko, address: ul. Vilyuyskaya 28, Novosibirsk, 630126, Russia; e-mail: toni.prikhodko.10@mail.ru

Abstract

The purpose of this article was to study the functional and biochemical characteristics of the body before and after an exercise test as well as physical performance and muscular endurance in young men with different somatotypes. Materials and methods. The research involved 29 apparently healthy young men aged 18 to 22 years, who performed an exercise step test to failure on a treadmill. We assessed the subjects’ somatotype (according to the Heath–Carter method), anthropometric parameters, hand muscle strength and endurance, type of functional response, blood pressure, heart rate, as well as capillary blood glucose and lactate levels. All of the above were measured at the beginning of the test, during the transition between the steps (a 10–15-second pause) and immediately after the subjects’ failure to continue the test. Results. We found that ectomorphs differed from the subjects with other somatotypes, especially endomorphs, by having a higher level of functional capabilities and greater contribution of aerobic processes to the body’s energy supply, as well as smaller homeostatic shifts in the cardiovascular system and lower blood glucose and lactate concentrations after maximum physical exertion. Compared to their peers with other somatotypes, endomorphs showed a higher contribution of the lactate mechanism to the energy supply and lower functional capabilities, which were manifested in more pronounced functional and biochemical shifts after physical exertion. Mesomorphs occupied an intermediate position between endo- and ectomorphs in terms of many morphofunctional and biochemical parameters. Аt the same time, mesomorphs’ hand muscle endurance was the lowest, while their hand strength was the greatest.

Keywords

Heath–Carter somatotype method, blood lactate concentration, blood glucose concentration, energy supply for muscle activity, treadmill step test, physical performance

References

1. Nikityuk B.A. Integrativnye podkhody v vozrastnoy i sportivnoy antropologii [Integrative Approaches in Auxology and Sports Anthropology]. Moscow, 1999. 219 p.
2. Kornienko I.A., Son’kin V.D., Tambovtseva R.V. Development of the Energetics of Muscular Exercise with Age: Summary of a 30-Year Study. III. Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Influencing the Development of the Energetics of Skeletal Muscles. Hum. Physiol., 2007, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 618–623. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119707050131
3. Lebedev A.V., Tumanik O.V., Subotyalov M A., Aizman R.I. Blood Biochemical Parameters of 17–20 Years-Old Girls of Different Constitutional Types. Novosib. State Pedagog. Univ. Bull., 2016, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 181–194 (in Russ.).
http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2226-3365.1605.13
4. Lazareva E.A. Interrelations Between the Constitution Type and Features of Muscular Activity Energetics in Sprinters and Stayers. Hum. Physiol., 2004, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 605–609. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HUMP.0000042620.88119.f2
5. Marchik L.A., Martynenko O.S. Lactate in Athletes’ Dermal Extract in Cyclic Kinds of Sport Depending on the Type of Energy Metabolism and Constitution. Russ. J. Phys. Educ. Sport, 2018, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 180–187 (in Russ.).
6. Kandel M., Baeyens J.P., Clarys P. Somatotype, Training and Performance in Ironman Athletes. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 2014, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.813971
7. Choudhary S., Singh S., Singh I., Varte L.R., Sahani R., Rawat S. Somatotypes of Indian Athletes of Different Sports. Online J. Health Allied Sci., 2019, vol. 18, no. 2. Art. no. 6. Available at: https://www.ojhas.org/issue70/2019-2-6.html (accessed: 30 April 2019).
8. Carter J.E.L., Heath B.H. Somatotyping: Development and Applications. Cambridge, 1990. 503 p.
9. Kaznacheev V.P., Kaznacheev S.V. Adaptatsiya i konstitutsiya cheloveka [Human Adaptation and Constitution]. Novosibirsk, 1986. 120 p.
10. Chikov A.E., Medvedev D.S., Chikova S.N., Kolmogorov S.V. Features of Energy Supply of Muscle Work Depending on the Duration of Stepwise Increasing Load in Cyclical Sports Athletes. Hum. Sport Med., 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 62–68 (in Russ.).
11. Derevtsova S.N., Romanenko A.A., Efremova V.P., Evdokimova E.Yu., Sindeeva L.V., Nikel V.V., Gorbunov N.S., Medvedeva N.N. Kaliperometriya i ul’trazvukovoe issledovanie v izuchenii podkozhnoy osnovy u yunoshey [Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Variability in Young Men with Different Morphotypes]. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy, 2020, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 69–73. https://doi.org/10.24411/1609-2163-2020-16647
12. Golovin M.S. Influence of Physical Training on the Glucose and Blood Lactate of Athletes with Different Types of the Neuro-Muscular Functioning. Phys. Cult. Sport Tour. Mot. Recreat., 2022, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 77–81 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47475/2500-0365-2022-17311
13. Prikhod’ko A.Yu., Gerasimov S.N., Ajzman R.I. Analysis of Physical Performance of Men of Different Somatotypes When Performing a Step Test to Failure on a Treadmill. Mod. Iss. Biomed., 2023, vol. 7, no. 4. Art. no. 16 (in Russ.).
14. Silventoinen K., Maia J., Jelenkovic A., Pereira S., Gouveia É., Antunes A., Thomis M., Lefevre J., Kaprio J., Freitas D. Genetics of Somatotype and Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2021, vol. 33, no. 3. Art. no. e23470. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23470
15. Kashapov R.I., Kashapov R.R. Osobennosti energoobespecheniya myshechnoy deyatel’nosti v marafonskom bege [Features of Energy Supply of Muscular Activity in a Marathon]. Nauka i sport: sovremennye tendentsii, 2018, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 50–54.