UDC

[612.811.4+612.812]:796.8

DOI

10.37482/2687-1491-Z203

Authors

Andrey A. Melnikov* ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-5306
Ekaterina S. Ikonnikova*/** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-4386
Roman Kh. Lyukmanov** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-5861
Natalia A. Suponeva** ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3956-6362
*The Russian University of Sport “GTSOLIFK” (Moscow, Russia)
**Research Center of Neurology (Moscow, Russia)

Corresponding author: Andrey Melnikov, address: Sirenevyy bul’var 4, Moscow, 105122, Russia; e-mail: meln1974@yandex.ru

Abstract

High proprioceptive sensitivity is an important factor in the efficiency of technical elements and athletic performance in many sports. However, proprioceptive control of the positions of upper limb segments and muscle effort in wrestlers has hardly been investigated. The <b>purpose</b> of this article was to study the reproduction accuracy of hand position and muscle effort during discrete contraction and relaxation of the forearm muscles in sambo athletes. <b>Materials and methods.</b> The research involved young sambo wrestlers (<i>n</i> = 10) and nonathletes (control, <i>n</i> = 15). We evaluated the reproduction accuracy of forearm pronation/supination angles (20, 50 and 80°) using a PABLO Handsensor (Tyromotion, Austria) and the accuracy of isometric muscle contraction during static pronation/supination, using a stationary hand joystick, in the ascending and descending directions of effort development (0, 20, 50 and 80 % of the maximum effort) according to the level of electromyographic activity of forearm pronators and supinators (Trust-M functional electrical stimulation system, Neurocore, Russia). <b>Results</b>. We found that proprioceptive control of forearm position accuracy and static effort during the contraction of forearm pronators and supinators did not differ between wrestlers and non-athletes. However, the absolute reproducibility error of 50 and 80 % of muscle effort during discrete relaxation of the pronators was lower (p < 0.01) in wrestlers than in non-athletes. Moreover, in the general sample, effort reproduction accuracy at pronators’ discrete contraction was higher than at discrete relaxation, which indicates a deficit of proprioceptive control of muscle effort during relaxation. Thus, exercising upper limb muscles in sambo improves proprioceptive control of discrete muscle relaxation. Further studies should determine the role of the established phenomenon in the effectiveness of wrestling skills and sports results.

Keywords

force proprioception, proprioceptive control, discrete relaxation, force generation, sambo athletes, muscles of the upper extremities

References

1. Sarlegna F.R., Sainburg R.L. The Roles of Vision and Proprioception in the Planning of Reaching Movements. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2009, vol. 629, pp. 317–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77064-2_16
2. Sainburg R.L., Ghilardi M.F., Poizner H., Ghez C. Control of Limb Dynamics in Normal Subjects and Patients Without Proprioception. J. Neurophysiol., 1995, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 820–835. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.820
3. Sevrez V., Bourdin C. On the Role of Proprioception in Making Free Throws in Basketball. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport, 2015, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2015.1012578
4. Feng J., Hung T.-M., Huang R., Hou S., Ren J. Role of Proprioception in Slow and Rapid Movements. Percept. Mot. Skills, 2020, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512519895632
5. Proske U., Gandevia S.C. The Proprioceptive Senses: Their Roles in Signaling Body Shape, Body Position and Movement, and Muscle Force. Physiol. Rev., 2012, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 1651–1697. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00048.2011
6. Kato K., Vogt T., Kanosue K. Brain Activity Underlying Muscle Relaxation. Front. Physiol., 2019, vol. 10. Art. no. 1457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01457
7. Ohtaka C., Fujiwara M. Control Strategies for Accurate Force Generation and Relaxation. Percept. Mot. Skills, 2016, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 489–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516664778
8. Han J., Waddington G., Anson J., Adams R. Level of Competitive Success Achieved by Elite Athletes and Multi-Joint Proprioceptive Ability. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 2015, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.11.013
9. Niespodziński B., Kochanowicz A., Mieszkowski J., Piskorska E., Żychowska M. Relationship Between Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, and Muscle Strength and the Impact of Gymnastic Training on Proprioception. Biomed. Res. Int., 2018, vol. 2018. Art. no. 5353242. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5353242
10. Niespodziński B., Mieszkowski J., Sawczyn S., Kochanowicz K., Szulc A., Zasada M., Kochanowicz A. Elbow Joint Position and Force Senses in Young and Adult Untrained People and Gymnasts. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health,
2022, vol. 19, no. 13. Art. no. 7592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137592
11. Salles J.I., Velasques B., Cossich V., Nicoliche E., Ribeiro P., Amaral M.V., Motta G. Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception. J. Athl. Train., 2015, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 277–280. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.84
12. Salles J.I., Guimarães J.M., Filho G.M., Morrissey D. Effect of a Specific Exercise Strategy on Strength and Proprioception in Volleyball Players with Infraspinatus Muscle Atrophy. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 2018, vol. 28, no. 9,
pp. 2093–2099. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13216