UDC

616.8-07+612.825.1+612.821.2

Authors

Yuliya S. Dzhos*, Lidiya P. Kalinina**
*Okkervil Paediatric Centre (Leningrad Region, Russian Federation)
**Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation)
Corresponding author: Lidiya Kalinina, address: proezd Badigina 3, Arkhangelsk, 163045, Russian Federation; e-mail: lidiakalinina@yahoo.com

Abstract

This review summarizes the data of Russian and foreign studies on neurophysiological parameters of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). In addition, the article considers the essence of the method of cognitive processes analysis, key techniques of recording cognitive ERPs, and the field of their application in medicine and psychology. Further, the paper presents a modern view on the structure of cognitive ERPs, highlights their sub-components – P3a and P3b – as well as sensory and cognitive control waves. The authors describe the idea of creating functional biomarkers for such conditions as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, depression, autism spectrum disorders, dyslexia, brain injury, and dementia. Despite the progress made in the study of cognitive ERPs in recent decades, their exact neural origins and neurophysiological role remain unclear. The review covers the main assumptions and advances of scientists from around the world concerning the interaction between the brain structures and cognitive functions in humans. Moreover, we present investigations dealing with cognitive ERPs in brain lesions. Recently, increasing attention has been given to the neurochemistry and neuropharmacology of P300. In this regard, the article describes the dual-transmitter P300 hypothesis. Available data suggest that P3a is mediated by dopaminergic activity, while P3b, by norepinephrine activity. Other studies indicate a specific connection between the index of glutamate neurotransmitter function in the anterior cingulate and frontal P300 potentials. The obtained significant results of applying the method of cognitive evoked potentials in maintaining human health serve as a powerful stimulus for further scientific research.

Keywords

cognitive event-related potentials, Р300, components of event-related potentials, Р3а, Р3b, analysis of cognitive processes

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